10 frequently asked questions about business valuation. Direct answers from operator-led M&A advisors.
How do I calculate EBITDA?
EBITDA = Net Income + Interest + Taxes + Depreciation + Amortization. Add back owner discretionary expenses to get adjusted EBITDA, which is the basis for M&A valuation. SDE adds back owner salary too, used for owner-operator businesses under $2M EBITDA.
What multiple will my business sell for?
Service businesses: 2-6x EBITDA. SaaS: 3-15x ARR. HVAC/plumbing: 3-8x EBITDA. Accounting firms: 1-1.4x revenue or 4-8x EBITDA. Multiple depends on recurring revenue, growth rate, customer concentration, and team strength.
What is the Rule of 40?
SaaS valuation rule: growth rate + EBITDA margin should exceed 40%. Companies above 40 trade at premium multiples; below 40 trade at discount. Drives high-growth SaaS companies to balance growth and profitability.
What drives multiple up vs down?
Up: recurring revenue, low customer concentration, growth above 10%, low owner dependency, documented systems, clean financials. Down: customer concentration, owner dependency, declining revenue, tribal knowledge, messy books.
How accurate are online business valuation calculators?
Within +/- 30% range for businesses with standard profiles. They miss niche-specific factors and adjustments. Free calculators are a starting point; professional valuations cost $5K-$25K and are accurate within 10-15%.
EBITDA vs SDE: which should I use?
SDE for businesses under $2M EBITDA where the owner is also the primary operator (SDE = EBITDA + owner comp + perks). EBITDA for businesses over $2M where the owner has stepped back. The sub-$2M market quotes SDE multiples; above $2M quotes EBITDA multiples.
Should I get a professional valuation?
Yes if: planning to sell within 12-24 months, raising capital, transferring ownership to family, ESOP transactions, divorce or estate planning. Cost: $5K-$25K from independent valuation firms.
How does industry affect multiple?
Significantly. SaaS (3-15x ARR), HVAC (3-8x EBITDA), agencies (4-7x retainer-heavy), restaurants (1-3x SDE), professional services (1.0-1.4x revenue). Industry sets the baseline; company-specific factors set the premium or discount within the range.
What is a discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation?
Methodology that calculates business value by discounting projected cash flows back to present value using a required rate of return. More common for stable cash-flow businesses, less common for owner-operator small businesses where multiple methods are simpler.
How does growth rate impact valuation?
Significantly. SaaS growing at 50%+ trades at premium multiples. Flat or declining businesses trade at discounts. A business growing 20% YoY can sell for 1.5-2x the multiple of a flat business in the same industry.
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Last updated: 2026-04-28
Valuation: Common Questions Answered
This FAQ collection answers the questions WETYR receives most often about valuation. Each answer is written by operators who have lived the work — not lifted from generic advisor templates. Owners and operators who read these FAQs end up walking into their next conversation with WETYR (or with any advisor) substantially better prepared, which is the goal. Better-prepared clients reach better outcomes. We give the answers away because that compounds trust.
The questions cover the practical side of valuation — pricing, timeline, who-does-what, decision frameworks, and the trade-offs that aren't covered in generic content. If your specific question isn't on this page, the right next step is either the relevant long-form guide or a direct call with our team. We respond to every inbound inquiry within one business day.
When To Engage An Advisor
The general rule for valuation: engage an advisor 12-24 months before the transaction window if you have flexibility, or as soon as possible if the window is shorter. Owners who engage 6+ months out routinely receive premium offers; owners who engage 30 days out routinely accept whatever the buyer puts on the table. The pre-engagement diagnostic is where most of the leverage is created.
For valuation-specific work, WETYR runs both advisory engagements and operator-buyer engagements. The right structure depends on whether you want a counterparty who closes the deal directly or an advisor who runs a structured process. Both have their place. The free diagnostic call is the cleanest way to figure out which fits your situation.
Authoritative Sources & Further Reading
WETYR works alongside primary sources, regulators, and industry data providers when advising owners and operators. The references below are the same sources our advisory team uses when modeling deals, benchmarking multiples, and stress-testing assumptions. We encourage every owner, buyer, and operator to verify any data point that materially affects their decision against the underlying primary source.
Primary Federal Sources
- U.S. SBA — 7(a) Loan Program for acquisition financing eligibility, terms, and lender list.
- SEC EDGAR for public-company comparables, 10-K disclosures, and recent strategic acquirer filings.
- IRS — Sale of a Business on Section 1060 asset-allocation reporting and tax treatment of asset vs stock sales.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics — Industries at a Glance for wage, employment, and growth data by NAICS code.
- U.S. Census Economic Census for industry size, firm counts, and revenue distributions.
- Federal Reserve Economic Data for prevailing rate environment underwriting.
Standards & Reference Bodies
- AICPA for Quality of Earnings methodology and CPA standards governing transaction-related financial work.
- FINRA Rules and Guidance for understanding when a transaction crosses into broker-dealer territory.
- NACVA business valuation credentialing body and standards (CVA designation).
- USPAP — Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice for valuation engagement standards.
- Investopedia — EBITDA reference page for definitional alignment with our glossary.
- Harvard Business Review — Mergers and Acquisitions archive on integration and post-close value creation.
For deeper transaction-specific data, the GF Data and PitchBook private-company transaction databases publish quarterly multiple ranges by industry size band that we cross-reference against our own pipeline benchmarks. Owners considering a sale should also review the Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Report (free, annual) for current cost-of-capital and lender appetite data across the lower middle market. Buyers underwriting search-fund or holdco theses commonly pair Stanford GSB's Search Fund Study with the IBBA Market Pulse report, which tracks multiples for sub-$50M transactions quarterly. None of these sources replace deal-specific advisory, but they give owners and operators the same reference points professional acquirers are using on the other side of the table.
Related WETYR Resources
Every WETYR resource ladders into a structured engagement framework. Whether you are diagnosing readiness, modeling a number, or preparing for a specific transaction phase, the resources below cover the most common owner and operator workflows. All tools are free; all guides are operator-written; all engagements start with a confidential conversation.
Engagement Pillars
Decision Tools
Operator-Written
Glossary & FAQ
Checklists & Templates
Niche Coverage
If you are not sure where to start, the Exit Readiness Score takes about four minutes and produces a one-page diagnostic on the value drivers most likely to compress your multiple. From there the natural next step is either a long-form guide covering your specific situation, a focused glossary term lookup, or a confidential introductory call with our team to discuss whether WETYR's advisory or operator-buyer engagement is a fit. Our team responds to every inbound inquiry within one business day.
WETYR provides M&A advisory and business consulting services. WETYR is not a licensed business broker, registered broker-dealer, FINRA member, SEC-registered investment adviser, attorney, or CPA. Transactions involving real property or securities require appropriately licensed professionals. Information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and is not legal, tax, accounting, or investment advice. Consult your own qualified professionals before making any business or financial decision. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes.